1.0 INTRODUCTION
Social and liveability is a very important sector in the development of
central area planning because with this sector it can redirect the direction of
development programs in all sectors involved in the formation of central area
planning. to improve the quality of life in line with development in Kuah Town,
Langkawi. Among the aspects of the study used for this assessment were the
focus on the nature and impact of changes in fertility, mortality, and
migration on composition and population growth. As such, the ability of the City
of Langkawi Municipal Council to continue to grow depends on the strength of
the people in Kuah Town in terms of energy and expertise. Whereas, Livability
describes the various aspects of society, the environment, and the collective
experience that make up a community. It focuses on the human experience and is
specific to place and time. It includes economic, space, and social components.
In conclusion, relevant information on the size and structure of the population
in a current and future study area is important for improving the quality of
life.
1.1 AIM
The study of the social aspect and liveability sector to identify growth rate and distributions of population in Kuah Town and to improve the quality of life in line with the development of Kuah Town in the coming year
1.2 OBJECTIVES
- To identify the trend of population distribution and demography characteristic at Kuah Town.
- To identify the issue and problem for social aspect in Kuah Town, Langkawi.
- To determine the sufficiency of public facilities in Kuah Town, Langkawi.
- To observe the safety elements in Kuah Town.
1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY
To clarify the stated objectives, the scope of study for social aspect and Liveability sector is
- Social Aspect - Trend Population distribution and demography characteristic at Kuah Town
- Liveability - Improve the quality of community well-being in Kuah Town
2.0 SOCIAL ASPECT
Social aspect is about improving the well-being of every
individual in society so they can reach their full potential. The success of
society is linked to the well-being of each and every citizen. According to Government
of New Brunswick 2008 social development
means investing in people. It requires the removal of barriers so that all
citizens can journey toward their dreams with confidence and dignity. It is
about refusing to accept that people who live in poverty will always be poor.
It is about helping people so they can move forward on their path to
self-sufficiency. In addition, a safe affordable place to live is very
important in helping people achieve self-sufficiency. It is the focus of family
life; where families can live safely. Without a decent place to live, it is
difficult to function as a productive member of society . The categories of social aspect such
as Income , age, disabilities, ethnic
minorities, non-car owners and gender is a key dimension of all of these.
2.1 AIM
The aim this study is to evaluate the level of social well-being and to improve the quality of community well-being in Kuah Town, Langkawi, Kedah.
2.2 OBJECTIVES
- To predict the future population capacity and
characteristic to ensure the development fulfill the need of the society
in Kuah Town.
- To identify the population trend based on the birth
rate and death rate and natural increase in Kuah Town.
- To determine the area of affordable housing in Kuah
Town.
- To identify the sufficiency of social amenities in Kuah
Town.
- To study the adequacy of public transport in Kuah Town.
- To observe the safety elements and environments in
Kuah Town.
- To identify the issue and problem for liveability in
Kuah Town.
2.3 SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of this study that has been established is focused on
the social aspect related to the community needs:
a) Population Distribution
- The trend of population
distribution such as population by state,district, ethnic in Kuah Town
that will be studied
b) Health and Wellness
- The death rate and birth rate
also natural increase will be studied for future development in Kuah Town.
c) Family Life
- The household income in Kuah
Town is at an appropriate rate standard of living.
d) Potential for social aspect
- The total population in Kuah
Town has a positive impact on economic development, quality of life and
greater employment opportunities
e) Affordable Housing
- The affordable housing capable
area, benefit, and issues of the housing that will be studied.
f) Social Amenities
- The existing social amenities
will be compared to make sure it is following the guidelines and demand of
population
g) Public Transport
- The public transport to
ensuring adequate transportation facilities and providing convenience to
consumers.
h) Safety Element and
Environment
- The safety elements such as
pedestrians walkways, bollards, CCTV, street lamp, will be studied to make
sure the safety elements that has been provided is sufficient. The
environment such as water quality and air quality will be identified about
water treatment to make sure the sources of river itself is clean and
healthy.
i) Issues and
problems
- The issues and problems about
liveability will be identified to improve the better future.
2.4 METHODOLOGY SOCIAL ASPECT
3.4 METHODOLOGY LIVEABILITY
2.5 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
2.5.1 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY DISTRICT
Figure 1 show population distribution by District Langkawi for year
2000,2010,2015
Source: DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi pembangunan
Figure 1 shows the population by
district in Langkawi in 2000, 2010 and 2015. In Langkawi there are 5 districts
namely Kuah Town, Bohor, Ayer Hangat, Kedawang Ulu Melaka and Padang
Matsirat. The total population in langkawi is 98200 in 2015. 46850 are for
women. 51530 men are in Langkawi. Kuah has 38.15 of the total population.
Langkawi increased by 5416 from 2010 to 2015. This represents 46.8% of the
total population in Kedah. Kuah Town has the most population compared to other district in Langkawi . This is due to the fact that Kuah Town is a major
destination for tourism , residential and business areas. Accessibility
factor is one of the factors that make the villagers prefer Kuah Town. The main
focus of the people in Langkawi District is Kuah Town. This is because the Kuah
Town has experienced rapid growth in terms of its role as a regional
administrative center and major trading center.
2.5.2 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY ETHNIC
Figure 2 show population distribution Kuah Town by
ethnic 2000,2010 and 2015.
Source: DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi pembangunan
Figure 2 shows the graph of population distribution by ethnicity from
2000 to 2015, which is the population by year of the population based on the
Draft Analysis Report and Development Strategy comprising Bumiputera, Chinese,
Indian and others. In the highest ethnic Kuah district there were 31099
Bumiputeras in 2015. In addition, the second highest ethnic group was 3696
Chinese in 2015. While Indian ethnicity was 1539 in 2015 This shows that the
Bumiputera group is the highest and most populous group in Kuah Town as most of
the Bumiputeras have extensive employment opportunities such as fishing and
tourism and agriculture. In addition, Chinese ethnicity is predominantly in
Kuah with the majority concentrated in commercial areas. This is because the
Chinese are more likely to work as their own businessmen than to work under
others. The Chinese community is involved in all types of businesses in the
private sector.
Meanwhile, Kuah town also showed a decline in Bumiputeras,
Chinese and Indians due to factors in the people of Langkawi coming out in
search of job opportunities, better facilities elsewhere.
2.5.3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY NATIONALITY KUAH TOWN AND OTHER
Figure 3 show population distribution by District Langkawi for year
2000,2010,2015
Source : DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi Pembangunan
The highest nationality in 2015 was
59.3%, while the other nationality was
53.5% . In 2000 there was 19.4%
nationality, while other nationality was 18.3%. Nationality rate increased by
1.7% in 2010 to 21.1% and other nationality increased by 9.8% to 18.3% . This
is because the population of Kuah Town has increased is caused by birth rates have increased and other
nationality such as tourist migrants living in Kuah Town. In addition, job
opportunities in Kuah Town especially in the business and tourism sectors also
increased nationality and other nationality.
2.5.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE LANGKAWI
Figure 4 show population by age Langkawi 2000, 2010 , 2015
Source : DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi Pembangunan, LANGKAWI
Figure 4.1 show population by age Langkawi in 2015
Source : DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi Pembangunan, Langkawi
In 2015 the highest number of age group in 2015 is 15-64 year. In 2000,
the age group for 0-14 years was 35.8% and decreased by 6.3% in 2010 which is
29%. While for 2015 there was a 1.4% increase of 30.9%. This is due to good
economic growth and preparation of health and medical services to a better and
more conducive population. For the age group 15- 64 in 2000 it was 61% of
the entire age group. It increased by 5.7% in 2010 which is 66.7%. But a slight
decrease 0.9% in 2015 which is 65.8%. This is due to the migration of
locals to the country in search of better job opportunities. For age group 65
above in 2000 it was 3.3% and increase of 0.5% in 2010 which is 3.8%. This
is due to the improvement in health status and the advancement of the medical
field and the rise in health awareness and nutrition practice among its
residents. However, a decrease of 0.6% in 2015 was 3.2%. This is due to the low
life expectancy of the population due to the high mortality rate.
2.5.5 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY GENDER
Figure 5 show population by gender in Kuah Town 2000,2010
and 2015.
Source: DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi pembangunan
Figure 5 shows the graph of population by gender in Kuah Town. In 2015 the highest number of men
was 19416 population. The least for men was in 2000, at 5239 population. There
was an increase of 869 population from 2010 to 2015. Meanwhile, the female
gender in 2015 was 18502 population. The smallest number for women was in 2000
at 4927. This shows that the male population is higher than the female
population. This can be attributed to the education level of Kuah Town
residents who have a high level of education that leads them to pursue a career
before marriage. In addition, the residents of Kuah Town also practice modern
society and the culture of late marriage. This low birth rate is also due to
the effectiveness of family planning programs practiced by its residents.
2.5.6 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE GROUP KUAH TOWN 2000,2010
Figure 6 show Population distribution by age in Kuah Town for 2016
Source :Population Distribution by Local Area and Population, 2000,
2010
Table 1 show Population distribution by age in Kuah Town for 2016
Source: Population Distribution by Local Area and Population, 2000,
2010
The highest percentage of population change in 2000 and 2010 was
25–25% of the age group. While the lowest were in the 70-74 age group of 0.23%.
In 2000 the highest age group was 0-4 which is 1277 people . However, there was
a decline of 330 people in 2010 which led to 947 people in the age group of
0-4. Kuah Town residents have a high level of education that makes them pursue
a career before marriage they also practice modern society and the culture of
late marriage. This low birth rate is also due to the effectiveness of family
planning programs practiced by its residents.
Whereas in 2010 the highest age group was 25-29 which is 1466
people . It increased by 603 people from 863 people in 2000 to 1466 people in
2010. This represents the highest working age group is 25-29 . In addition, the
population structure indicates the adult population is more than the old and
young people . Hence adults are more productive than young and old. As a result
of lower dependency ratio and per capita income and standard of living.
Productive workforce and high technology levels create more job opportunities
and reduce unemployment. For the tourism and business sectors there are many
job opportunities for people in Kuah Town. This will provide a good life and
economy people in Kuah Town for the future.
The age group of 70-74 years was the lowest in 2000 with 80 and decreased by 6 in 2010. However, the age group of 75 and above in 2000 was 80. There was increase of 52 people in 2010 by 133 people. This is due to the high lifespan of the population due to improved medical facilities and expertise in treating diseases. Decreased mortality rates are also the result of health modernization, medical technology raising awareness among Kuah City residents to maintain a healthy and balanced diet.
2.5.7 PROJECTION OF POPULATION LANGKAWI
Figure 7 Show Projection of
Population Langkawi
Source: DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi
Pembangunan, LANGKAWI
In 2040 total population will increase into 185073 people from
123547 people in 2020. There was 33.3% is the higher projection population Langkawi
with population 185073 people in 2040. While 27.6% is the second higher
population on Langkawi with 154310 people. In 2030 it was 16.6% which is the
lowest population on Langkawi with population 92784 people in 2010. In 2030,
the population in Kuah Town is expected to increase to 154, 310 people, which
will be 27% of the total population in Kuah Town by 2030, while in 2040 will be
185,073 people, 33% population growth in Kuah Town increased. The purpose of
the population distribution project is to identify future population growth
rates for Kuah Town in the future. With this projected population growth trends
identified and the provision of basic facilities available for Kuah Town in the
future. This shows the potential economic and development potential and given
the high population growth rate, as well as the high growth rate of the Kuah
Town resources.
2.5.8 LABOUR STRUCTURE KUAH TOWN 2015
Table 2 show labor structure
Kuah Town 2015
Source : DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi
Pembangunan, Langkawi
Table 2.1 show employment and
unemployment in Kedah 2015-2018
Source: Department
of Statistics, Malaysia
District Langkawi has a total population of 64,668 between 15 and
64 years old. It belongs to a productive age group that can contribute to
economic growth in Langkawi District. It is estimated that almost 40% of the total
energy the real work is focused on Kuah Town. The factors have contributed to
the increase in labour force is an increasing number of older people and man
and women seeking or in work, and immigration. These changes have been
influenced by several structural factors, for example the rising pension age,
the increasing educational level of the population.
2.6 HEALTH AND WELLNESS
Figure 8 Birth rates, mortality rates and natural growth in Langkawi for
2015, -2016 and 2017.
Source: DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi pembangunan
Figure 8 shows the birth and death rates and natural increase in Langkawi. The highest
percentage of live births in 2016 is male at 52.2%. While the lowest number of
live births in 2015 is male at 47 .7%. The birth rate in Kuah Town is low
mortality due to good economic growth and preparation of health and medical
services to a better and more conducive population. Meanwhile, the highest
percentage of death by gender in 2017 is male at 59.1% while the lowest number
of death in 2015 is female at 42.3%. Death rate in Kedah show the life
expectancy of Kedah has increased. This could be attributed to the increased
health and medical advancement in need. In addition, there is an awareness of
maintaining good health and nutrition practices among its residents. Low
mortality rates are also due to good economic growth. Higher health conditions
lower mortality rates especially among infants and the elderly. Pregnant
mothers have the income to pay for health services and nutrition. A healthy
baby will grow up to be a healthy and productive individual. In addition, the
highest percentage of natural increase in 2015 is female at 52.6%. While the
lowest number of natural increase in 2017 is female at 46%.
In Kuah
Town, number of beds ratio in hospitals (1: 892) population. Meanwhile, the
population per doctor ratio is 26 doctors in Kuah Hospital.
2.7 FAMILY LIFE
2.7.1 HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Figure 9 Mean Monthly Households Income Kedah
For monthly gross income median Kedah data was reported at
3,811.000 in Dec 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of RM
3,451.00 . In average RM 1,681.500 from 2000 to 2017. The data reached an all
time high of RM 3,811.00 in 2016 and record low of RM 1171. 00 in 2000.
Figure 9.1 show Kedah Mean
Monthly Gross Household Income by Ethnic Group, Strata and State, Malaysia
The monthly gross income median Kedah data was reported the
highest at RM 4,971.000 in 2016. This records an increase from the previous
year which is of RM 4,781.00 in 2014. While the lowest monthly gross income
median Kedah was in 1989 which is RM 860.00
2.7.2 WORKING LIFE
In Kuah town working days are
from Sundays to Thursdays. Fridays and Saturdays are considered Weekends. The typical operation
hours of the offices here are from Sundays to Wednesdays . The working
hour from 8:00
am to 4:45 pm. However in Thursdays: 8:00am to 4:30pm. Working hours for
employees in Kuah Town are very efficient this is because they can work more
proactively and also have a set amount of rest. For weekends employees can
spend time with family to be together. This can reduces stress among workers in
Kuah Town.
2.7.3 DEPENDENCY RATIO
Table 3 show population projection by age Kuah Town for 2015
Source
: DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi Pembangunan, Langkawi
Dependency ratio to identify rates of dependence on children and
the elderly and future amounts. To obtain the ratio of dependency of the non working
age group divided by the working age group, while to obtain the dependency
ratio of the age group of children the number of age groups from 0-14 divided
into the age group of 15 to 64, the working group, to obtain the dependency for
old age 65 and above in the age group of 15 to 64 to get older dependency. There
was low dependency ratio in Kuah town means that there are sufficient people
working who can support the dependent population. A lower ratio could allow for
better pensions and better health care for citizens.
2.8 POTENTIAL SOCIAL ASPECT
The active age category works in the Kuah
Town based on the data that has been analyzed it shows the number of active
people working in Kuah Town is high compared to the unemployed age. This shows
Kuah Town has potential for economic improvement also, opportunities provided
jobs. Kuah Town is the highest population contributor in the area of Langkawi.
Based on population data from 2000 to 2015. The total population of the
township with a higher population than other areas of Langkawi, it has a
positive impact on economic development, quality of life and greater employment
opportunities.
2.9 CONCLUSION
The
results of this study have highlighted some issues and issues related to the
social and resilience sector in Kuah Town. Therefore, the results and problems
obtained can be identified to improve for the problems encountered in Kuah Town.
In addition, the process of drafting a proposal is accessible through known
issues and problems. Overall, the main focus of the community in Kuah Town has
grown rapidly in its organization as a regional administrative center and major
trading center. Community amenities such as Kuah Town are needed. Kuah Town is
a multi-ethnic area. However, there is an imbalance in population distribution as
most of the population is concentrated only in the rapidly developing Planning
Area. This is because the people of Langkawi want a better standard of living
in terms of job opportunities, public amenities and business areas. In
addition, the increase in non-citizens indirectly poses a threat to the social
conditions and job opportunities of the people of Langkawi. Further, the
analysis found that the air in Kuah Town was in good health. Next, air in the
Kuah Town is moderate due to oil & oil pollution. Therefore, problems that
can be resolved at the Local Authority can improve the existing police that can
use the current needs and conditions of the people of Langkawi.
3.0 LIVEABILITY
Liveability has
emerged as a crucial concept within the field of designing. Increasingly,
policy and community planning efforts in any respect levels of governance use
the term, “liveability,” often in describing long-range goals. Liveability is
employed in a big range of contexts within the sphere of planning:
transportation, community development, resilience, and lots of other
sub-disciplines have incorporated liveability. It’s utilized in several other
fields similarly, several which are closely interrelated to planning.
As it is used today, liveability first
made an appearance in the 1950s. According to Donald Appleyard’s,
1981 also brought liveability to planners and urban designers, particularly as
it related to streetscapes and transportation.
In 2005, the next iteration of AARP’s
evaluation guide provided their definition of liveability that is still nearly
identical today. “A liveable community is one that has affordable and appropriate
housing, supportive community features and services, and adequate mobility
options, which together facilitate personal independence and the engagement of
residents in civic and social life” (AARP, 2005).
3.1 HOUSING
3.1.1 ANALYSIS OF HOUSING IN CENTRAL AREA OF KUAH TOWN
This Housing is
Focus on this outcome:
I.
The Requirement
to Apply Affordable Housing.
II.
Issue and Problem
about affordable housing.
House is a daily
necessity for all of us to protect and so on. But not everyone can afford to
own a house. So, affordable housing is a major issue especially in developing
countries the majority of the population cannot afford a house at a market
price. Affordable housing also refers to affordable housing units by the
lower-income community household income.
Common Challenges in Housing Affordability:
- Affordable housing supply is not meeting demand with limited incentives for the private sector to develop affordable housing.
- Housing cost rising disproportionately to household incomes a particular problem for lower- income household in cities with an inadequate supply social of public housing.
3.1.2 HOUSING IN KUAH TOWN
The current
number of planned residential units has reached 6,758 units, with most of them
located within BP1 Kuah. Compared to the total number of planned residential
units in 2001 (3,959 units), the increase in residential units over the last 14
years was 2,799 units.
In terms of type,
most of the planned residential units in the study area, Kuah town consisted of
terraced houses (55%), followed by the double story (35%), semi-detached houses
(9%), and detached (1%).
Table 4 shows Number of residential and housing
Source: RTD Langkawi Penggantian 2030
Photo 1 show Terrace House
Photo 2 show Double Story Houses
Photo 3 show Semi-Detached Houses
Photo 4 show Detached Houses
3.1.3 PERUMAHAN RAKYAT 1 MALAYSIA (PR1MA)
The PR1MA Malaysia Corporation (PR1MA)
and the Langkawi Development Authority (Lada) have formed strategic
partnerships to develop housing projects including the construction of 1,000
affordable housing units on the island. The two-phase residential construction
project involving the 57.6-acre Lada area also includes a terrace house.
Towards the realization of the development project, PR1MA signed a memorandum
of understanding (MoU) with Lada witnessed by Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak. Lada
approved the 57.6-hectare site for 1,000 housing units. That would be 20
percent lower than the market price. Meanwhile, Abdul Mutalib said the
57.6-hectare development project was divided into two phases of 22 hectares
while the second phase of 35.6 hectares involved the construction of 1,000
affordable housing units. This is one of Lada's efforts in providing quality
housing to the community, thus improving the socio-economic status of the
people in Langkawi.
This is the main Requirement to Apply
(PR1MA)
- Malaysia citizen
- Single and married can apply this housing scheme
- Petitioner or couple(married) don't have any house
- Salary from RM 2,500-RM 7,500 per-month (househould)
Table 5 show the information about PRIMA
Source: RTD Langkawi Penggantian 2030
3.1.4 FINDINGS OF HOUSING
Figure 10 People needs for Affordable House
Based on this analysis, the total
affordable housing built for the year was 1000 units. The purpose of this
housing is to ensure that the medium income groups can own their own homes. The
implementation of this housing is one of the LADA efforts in providing quality
homes to the community, thus increasing the socio-economic status of the people
here. Referring to people's need for affordable house analysis, around 75% of
respondents have been identified that would like to add home for affordable
housing. That means, affordable housing provided in Kuah town is not sufficient
and requires more implementation for affordable housing to meet demand and
supply in the area.
3.2 SOCIAL AMENITIES
3.2.1 ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AMENITIES
The provision of
social amenities in Kuah town is very satisfactory. However, there are some
community facilities provided which are in poor condition and need to increase
the number of facilities to meet the growing population/consumer demand. Social amenities to be focused on are listed below:
- Educational
- Health
- Safety
- Religious
- Cemetery
- Public Facilities
Table 6 shows Projected of the needs of community facilities
Source: RTD Langkawi Penggantian 2030
- Educational
Educational facilities in Kuah town
including primary school, secondary school, and kindergarten. Educational
facilities should ideally be located on streets that have pedestrian walkways
or bicycle lane based on the guidelines that proper design for community users
so they can bike their bicycle to schools while reducing the uses of the
vehicle. There are the latest of educational facilities listed below:
Table 7 Category Education
Photo 5 shows Primary School SK Langkawi
Photo 6 Secondary School SMK Mahsuri
As we observed the provision of
facilities is not population-based and the condition of buildings education
majority is in good condition but in the future may need to investigate the
physical condition of each school facility, both internal and external, and
identified which schools required improvements based upon age and the cost of
renovation.
- Health
Health facilities including hospital and
clinic. There are hospital and clinic provided as stated below:
Table 8 Category Health
Photo 7 show Clinic in Kuah Town
Hospital
facilities need to be upgraded according to population and increasing number of
clinics in this area of Kuah. The facility need to be placed within walking
distance, it must be easily reached for public transport, with a maximum walk
of 5 minutes.
- Safety
Safety facilities is for the convenience of maintaining safety
around this area. In this area, there are three types of safety facilities,
namely, police station, police pit, fire and rescue station. There are the
latest of safety facilities listed below:
Table 9 Category Safety
Photo 8 show Police Headquarters in Kuah Town
The security facilities are enough for
Kuah Town but in the future may need to upgrade or rebuild follow the community
population and their needs.
- Religious
Religious facilities including mosques, surau and temples. There is
the list of religious facilities below:
Table 10 Category Religious
Photo 9 show Masjid Al Hana
The
location of this facilities will generally depend on the community being served
and the existing facilities in the area surrounding the site. In the future it
needs to be added to make it easier for people here to do charity and worship.
- Cemetery
Cemeteries
are generally not considered to be suitable land uses for residential use but
this is important for the residents of this area. As
their family's bodies are in the cemetery in this area so it's easy for them to
visit. There is the list of cemetery below:
Table 11 Category Cemetery
Photo 10 show Muslim Cemetery
Cemeteries here need to be taken care of
because they are still not clean. In addition the Muslim burial ground should
be added in the future.
- Public Facilities
Public facilities here are for the
benefit of the residents here. Such as feasting, gathering, sending goods,
letters, reading books, and so on. There is the list of public facilities below:
Table 11 Category Public Facilities
Photo 11 show Post Office
The provision of public facilities here
is still not enough. Preparation still does not follow the population around
this area. So to make this place comfortable and convenient for the people here
it needs to increase according to the population in the future.
3.2.2 FINDINGS OF SOCIAL AMENITIES
Table 12 Projected of the need communities facilities
source: RTD Langkawi Penggantian 2030
Figure 10 shows chart existing need to be added
The information referred to in the RTD Penggantian Langkawi
2030, 6 types of categories are available, education, health, safety, religion,
cemetery, and public amenities of this city. However, it is not required for
the people here. Analysis Based on the projected needs of community facilities,
each category still needs to be added in the future and take into account the
guidelines and residents of the city. This is because of the well-being of
consumers in this area in the future.
3.3 PUBLIC TRANSPORT
3.3.1 ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Public
transportation is a form of travel offered locally that enables more people to
travel together along designated routes. Reference RTD Penggantian Langkawi
2030 indicates that there are 5 types of transport available around this Kuah
town area. That is air transport, public transport, water transport, car
rental, and motor rental.
- Air Transport
Langkawi International Airport is 20
kilometres from Kuah town. Flights cover several destinations in Malaysia,
namely Kuala Lumpur, Pulau Pinang, Johor Bahru and Ipoh.
Photo 12 shows Air Transport
- Public Transport
There is only public transport of taxis involving cars and vans
where the same is dependent on the meter.
Photo 13 shows Public Transport
- Water Transport
There are 4 jetties/terminals here at
Kuah Jetty, Tanjung Lembong port, Telaga Harbour Pier, and Star Cruise jetty.
Kuah Jetty is a jetty that carries passengers from the mainland from Kuala
Perlis, Kuala Kedah, and Penang.
Photo 14 shows Water Transport
- Motor Rental
The easiest way to wander around Langkawi
is by riding motorbikes. There are various types of motorcycles rented on the
island, starting with highpowered motorbikes until the 110cc and Honda-powered
Kris bikes. Motorcycle Rental rates are approximately RM25 per day.
Photo 15 shows Motor Rental Transport
- Car Rental
Car rental services are very popular in Langkawi. There are
full-time operators, and some are car-part-time, especially during school
holidays or on weekends. Rental rates vary by car type.
Photo 16 shows Car Rental Transport
3.3.2 FINDINGS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Table 13 Purpose to use public transportation
Figure 11 shows pie chart percentage using public transport
Reference RTD Penggantian Langkawi 2030 indicates that there
are 5 types of transport available around this Kuah town area. That is air
transport, Water transport, public transport, car rental, and motor rental.
Based on the percentage analysis using public transport, we can see that the
majority of respondents (72%) want more public transport such as buses, this is
to avoid the traffic congestion that is often encountered by locals. This
indicates that the provision of transport facilities around this area is low
and needs to be increased to facilitate the population in this area in the
future.
3.4 SAFETY ELEMENTS AND ENVIRONMENT
3.4.1 ANALYSIS OF SAFETY ELEMENTS
There are probably as many different
types of safety management systems as there are businesses. An integrated
Safety and Health Program is a systems approach for identifying, evaluating,
analyzing, and controlling workplace safety and health hazards. This includes
developing systematic policies, procedures, and practices fundamental to
creating and maintaining a safe and healthy working environment. There are four
Safety element that were observe such as pedestrian walkways, street lamps,
bollard and CCTV.
- Pedestrian Walkways
A pedestrian street is a section of a
street or other public place that is laid out or built for pedestrian use. The
footpath may walk along the path or through parks and other open spaces. The
footpath should provide for all types of pedestrians. By designing the needs of
pedestrians with impaired mobility, high standards will be made available to
everyone. Providing access to any pedestrian is possible. In urban areas,
always provides pedestrian access. Cross travel is a critical part of the
pedestrian network.
Kuah Town is well served by public
transport (bus and taxi); including train station and offices of the buses,
with the majority of movement within the Pedestrian Plan Area being on foot.
The most popular shopping streets are close to government buildings and the key
pedestrian desire lines are those between the train station entrances, major
shopping centres and retail shops.
Photo 17 shows Pedestrian walk at Taman Lagenda Langkawi
- Street Lamps
Street lamps is a raised source of light
on the edge of a road or path. When urban electric power distribution became
ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights for urban streets
followed, or sometimes led.
Street lighting improves pedestrian
visibility and personal security. On streets with lots of trees, street
lighting scaled to pedestrians (low lights) illuminates the sidewalk even after
the trees grow big and tall. Street lighting improves safety by allowing pedestrians
and motorists to see each other. It also adds to personal safety and
aesthetics. Two-sided lighting should be considered along wide streets, and it
is especially important to provide lighting at the crossings. Lighting can also
be helpful along streets adjacent to the school grounds to minimize school
vandalism and improve security. While most school walking activity occurs
during daylight hours, the morning school trip in the middle of winter often
occurs during hours of darkness, and many school activities occur during
night-time hours.
Photo 18 shows street lamp water garden Hawker at Kuah Town
- Bollard
A bollard is a sturdy, short, vertical
post. The term originally referred to a post on a ship or quay used principally
for mooring boats, but is now also used to refer to posts installed to control
road traffic and posts designed to prevent ram-raiding and vehicle-ramming
attacks.
- CCTV
CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a TV
system in which signals are not publicly distributed but are monitored,
primarily for surveillance and security purposes. CCTV relies on strategic
placement of cameras, and observation of the camera's input on monitors
somewhere.
Table 14 condition of Safety Element
From observations and public engagement,
the safety element in Pekan Kuah is divided into several situations. Such as,
Good, moderate, and poor. Refer to the table below, the security elements in
Kuah town are taken into consideration to reduce the crime rate.
3.4.2 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTS
- Air Pollution
The air index shows that the air quality
in Kuah town is at a good percentage that has no adverse effects on health and
the public can maintain a healthy lifestyle with out-of-home activities. Source Pollution Analysis.
Figure 12 shows condition air pollution at Kuah Town
Source air quality index (AQI)
- Water Pollution
In Kuah town, the quality of water show
is at a modest percentage. this is because of the irregular waste disposal
system.
Figure 13 shows condition water pollution at Kuah Town
Source air quality index (AQI)
3.4.3 FINDINGS OF SAFETY ELEMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTS
Safety and environment are
important aspects of a city's well-being. Based on the analysis conducted,
observe the safety and water quality index (AQI) for air and water pollution.
All facilities observed represent 3 out of 4 elements in moderate conditions,
namely, pedestrian walkways, bollards, and CCTV. So in order to keep the city
safe, it is necessary to fix all the important elements in order to reduce things
like crime and such. In addition, the water quality index (AQI) shows that the
air quality in the city is relatively good compared to water. This is because
the water system is not properly maintained. Therefore, the water system here
needs to be well maintained so that it can be used with good water quality in
the future.
3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS
4.0 SUMMARY
Overall, the main focus of
residents in Kuah Town experienced rapid development in line with its role as a
regional administrative center and major trade center. There are community
facilities that need upgrading such as the Kuah Town . The existing capacity
and size will not be able to meet the needs of the population, increasing the
workforce of specialists and medical facilities until 2030. Furthermore, the
analysis found that the air quality in Kuah Town is at a healthy level. while
the quality of water in Kuah town is moderate due to pollution oil & grease
5.0 REFERENCES
Reference
DRAF Laporan Analisis dan Strategi Pembangunan. (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2020, from Majlis
Perbandaran Langkawi Bandaraya Pelancongan: http:/www.mplbpLangkawi.gov.my
eDataBank . (n.d.). Retrieved May 7, 2020, from Department of Statistics Malaysia
Official Portal: https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php
Rancangan Tempatan Daerah (RTD). (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2020, from Majlis
Perbandaran Langkawi Bandaraya Pelancongan: http:www.mplbpLangkawi.gov.my
Tyce, H (2017). What is Livability?
(University of Oregon) Retrieved May 8, 2020, from Sustainable Cities
Intiative:
https://sci.uoregon.edu/sites/sci1.uoregon.edu/files/sub_1_-_what_is_livability_lit_review.pdf
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