SUSTAINABLE
CITY CONCEPT
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“Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (M.M.Shah,2008)
The concept of sustainable development can be defined in many different ways, but the best definition of sustainable development is an idea that human societies must live and meet their needs. It is a way of organizing so that it can exist in the long term. This also takes into account both the crucial factors in the present and the future such as preservation of the environment and natural resources or social and economic equity, all mounting to sustainable living, morally and spiritually. In the Kuah Town area, the concept can be applied to overcome the main issue such as the urban sprawl and the lack of sustainable development. Through this concept, we want to improve the residents’ quality of life and help increase the local economy and growth opportunities for the local suppliers. This also ensures to promote inclusive economic and social benefits as we want to enhance the place by its local strength possibilities.
ELEMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Resources:http://www.educontra.com/health/sustainable-development/
Economic sustainability-
Social sustainability-
Environmental sustainability-
“Kuah Town as a sustainable town in 2030”
GOAL
To plan Kuah Town as a people focused, environmental friendly town with vibrant economy
OBJECTIVES
SITE BACKGROUND
Kuah Town Center is located inside Langkawi Island, Kedah. Kuah is one of the important town in Langkawi because it has many tourism attraction and their accessibility is better than other town. It is the entry point for those coming by ferry from either mainland ( kuala perlis ) or penang island. Kuah is Mukim, District and town at Langkawi island. The local authority is Municipal Council of Langkawi Tourism Town (MPLBP). The study area landuse Zoning is commercial and residential area. Total population in Langkawi is 92,784 people in 2010 and now it must be more. The accessibility to go to the study area is using sea route which is Ferry and airway which is using domestic airplane.
EXISTING LAND USE AT KUAH TOWN
There are many landuse at the study area. The landuse is
residential area, commercial area, open space and infrastructure. Most landuse
is commercial area and historical area which is more than 50% of the landuse.
It is because it were major attraction for people to come because of their
history. It also the state that were free from government tax and because of
that, the price for import product is very cheap.
KEY PLAN
LOCATION PLAN
STUDY AREA
CHOOSING SITE
BUBBLE CONCEPT
BUBBLE DIAGRAM
The conceptual diagram shows the
connection of all proposed development. The new development is a Mixed
development that was proposed at the suitable land and based on land
availability. The mixed development connected with the commercial area and with
the agriculture area. It was near the main road which is Ayer Hangat Road other
public facilities such as public space. It will become a new attraction and a
new source of income for the local people. Our proposed also have a pocket park
area. The pocket park is the area for people to socialize and relaxing area. It
also connected with commercial areas and very easy to access because near the
main road which is Padang Maksirat Road. When the proposed project was created,
there is some intersection road that will become critical with their traffic
movement. The area that will become busy is at the Mixed development and the
pocket park area.
CONCEPT PLAN
There are 4 elements in our proposed
development which is preserved, regenerate, revitalize, and new development.
For preserve area, the reason we preserve the area is that the area is a
residential area and the important infrastructure. It will be kept as the
existing development that will not have any proposed development. The
agriculture area also in the preserve area. To regenerate, it was proposed a
new urban space which is a pocket park. There is some area in the regenerate
area that have developed but there is also some area that was proposed as a
Gathering area for tourist and local people. It will make the place have a new
life and increase the level of land use. To revitalize, the area is the
commercial area and the place that was abandoned without any activities. The
proposed development is to make a mural area between the commercial buildings
and make new activities at the abandoned area. It can affect the number of
visitors in the commercial is while enhancing the economy at Kuah Town. Next is
new development area. This area was proposed new urban area that applies the
element of “One-Stop Center”. The proposed development is a recreation area,
food truck, Mix-used building area, and outdoor activities. People in this area
will have all the public facilities near their homes. The Mix-used building is
mixed the residential and commercial space. Residential near with recreation
area and food truck area also commercial area can affect the local people's
lifestyle and attract more tourists to come.
STRATEGY AND IDEA
STRATEGIES 1:
"Improve Agriculture
Sector By Using Technology“
IDEA 1:
"Use sophisticated
technologies to increase productivity“
Paddy field is one of the agriculture product that were
product at Langkawi. Most of the agriculture area is at Kuah Town. Farming is
also one of the jobs for people at Kuah Town and main source of income. To
increase and regenerate people income as the objective of development is for
sustainable city, the production of agricultural need to increase too. To
produce more productivity at Kuah Town, technology need to be used to ease
people work. The propose area is:
Using drone reduce
human energy and more efficient.
Today’s agriculture routinely uses sophisticated technologies such as robots, temperature and moisture sensors, aerial images, and GPS technology. These advanced devices and precision agriculture and robotic systems allow businesses to be more profitable, efficient, safer, and more environmentally friendly. Agricultural areas are using smart agricultural ideas such as using drone to make safety observations around the area, using fertility systems to reduce water wastage and help farmers to do work more consistently and efficiently, and so on. This is one of the alternatives to get a lot of results for a short period. The farmer does not have to worry about manual labor, they only need to monitor their plants. For the propose area, it need at least 20 drones to fertilize the paddy field area and need to rotate the used of it.
Use Smart machinery to monitor the farm
STRATEGIES 2:
"Provide
Mix-use Development System“
IDEA 1:
"Build Mix-use Development In One Building Area
With Residential, Commercial And Open Space Be Together“
Create Mix-use Building to improve quality of life
To
achieve sustainable development and sustainable city concept, mix-use
development is one of the way to achieve it. Mix-use development is the
development that more than 1 landuse type such as residential, commercial and
infrastructure in one area. So for this strategies, it can achieve sustainable
city concept with more than 1 type of landuse development in one area. It can
reduce use of land and conserve natural environment. For this mix-used
development, it combine residential, commercial and office use into one
building area. It can encourage people to walk over using their own private
car. It make environment clean while improve quality of life for people at Kuah
Town. First floor is for commercial area and the third and fourth floor is for
residential area. This is one of the goals we want to achieve, to improve the
economy, improve consumer safety, and provide employment opportunities while at
the same time avoiding unplanned urban.
- Residential floor is using smart card which is improve
the security of the place. All the owner have their own floor access and smart
key to open their house. They also can monitor their house using Wireless CCTV
and equipped with anti-fire system.
- For commercial floor, it also using smart card too which is can reduce cash for payment. The items that were sell at this floor is mostly for daily needs and duty free too. It can be one of the attraction shopping mall at Kuah Town.
The
propose Mix-use development is like:
Recreation area near food truck area
The recreation area is located near with the mix-used development and food truck area. The attraction that propose to bring inside the recreation area is “colourful light” concept at night. In the daytime, it is like other recreation area which is have playground, jogging track and gathering area but at night, the environmental conditions change to like festival colour. This concept were taken from the MBI Desaku which is be main attraction for people for gathering and hang out place at night. It effect people lifestyle while improve their quality of life.
The
recreation area is not complete if people does not get their food when they
having fun in the area. The food truck area will be located at the west of
recreation area. This area is provided to all the businessman food truck to
join this area but need to pay for the base rent. It open many job opportunities
for local people to generate their income. It will achieved one of the
Sustainable Development Goals which is “Decent work and Economic Growth”.
Outdoor activities can be “Pull factor” for tourist.
The
outdoor activities is at the east of the recreation area. The activities that
were provided is such as zip climb jump, zip and bounce, paintball, zoopy ball
and zipline. The type of activities is extreme activities and it is not
suitable for children to join. It is special for adult who want to try extreme
sport. Extreme sport is very famous especially at the European country. So it
may become new attract from the European people. The local people also can
generate more income and open new job opportunities at the Kuah Town.
STRATEGIES 3:
“Create Open Area to
Attract People, provide a sense of security, a safe and positively contribute
to the city's micro-climate.
IDEA 1:
"Build Pocket Park as
New Attraction and For People to Socialize“
The idea for an open area in this area is Pocket Park. The proposed
Pocket park in this area is regenerate in an empty and dead area. The choice of
this area is near the area of the shop building, housing, and Main Street
which makes it easy for people in the area to access. With this idea in mind,
it can help regulate microclimates and act as the “Lungs” of the city, while
permeable surfaces increase infiltration.
·
Facilities and activities
This pocket park area has several
amenities such as benches, pedestrian walkways, street lamps, gazebo, boardwalk,
toilet, and a playground. Activities available include play areas for children,
spaces for relaxing or meeting friends, taking lunch, breaks. With all these facilities
and activities it will attract many visitors to this area and bring the
atmosphere to a harmony. At night it also opens because it has amenities such
as lighting that illuminates the area and at the same time it encourages the
traders there, such as selling food and so on, in this way it will help
increase the income of the people who are doing business in the area. In
addition, this area will be one of the attractions of the area and the
visitors.
·
Benefit for this idea
i.
Support the overall
ecology of the surrounding environment
ii.
Help protect and
conserve local wildlife, landscape, and heritage
iii.
Reduce pollution,
traffic, and consumption of resources, such as oil
iv.
Empower local
residents to make decisions that affect their community
v.
Make communities
safer and more sociable
vi.
Improve fitness and
health
vii.
Regenerate run-down
areas
viii.
Reinforce
relationships between local authorities and communities
STRATGIES 4:
"Create New Public
Facilities As Main Transportation System At Kuah“
IDEA 1:
"Provide Double Decker Bus For Tourist And New Lane For Public Transportation“
The excessive use of private cars and the rental car has
caused the situation at Kuah Town to be crowded with many cars, so to make the
traffic more smooth for people and tourists, the users of public transport are
very important. Double-decker bus needs to be provided especially for tourist
to control the traffic at Langkawi.
v The route of the bus is
along with Jalan Padang Maksirat and have 5 Drop-off point and Pick-up point.
The point is located at the strategic place which is near with residential
area, at Pocket Park, at commercial area and important facilities. It can ease
people to move to other places. It is operated 24/7 time start with 8 a.m until
5 p.m only. The reason of operated the whole week is because at Langkawi
especially Kuah Area, the tourist and local people will using it everyday as
their lifestyle.
v The bus needs a special lane which is just the bus cane use it, to make the public transport more efficient to use. It also make the environment clean with decreasing of using private car. Along with the objective of development, this idea of public transport can clean the environment while generate people income. It also effect local lifestyle which is not using their own car but only use public transportation. It is also can save their time without facing the traffic jam and save their budget too. The idea is illustrated like:
v It also provided with WIFI and can pay with touch n go e-wallet. It reduces the use of cash while using digital money. Using current technology can make it more effective rather than using cash money. Using of cash is still accepted because not all of the local people have digital wallet. It consider people who are not adapted with current technology.
STRATGIES 5:
“Redevelop
existing pedestrian pathway to improve quality of life “
IDEA 1:
"Reroute
pedestrian pathway to make it more accessible to tourist and local people“
Create pedestrian pathway that
connected with public transportation
Along with the objectives of the
sustainable city concept which is promote public transport in attaining high
quality of life, pedestrian pathway that will be created can bring more
liveable lifestyle to tourist and local people. The existing pedestrian pathway
at Kuah Town is not well connected with the residential area and other
attraction place for tourist. The proposed pedestrian pathway is at both side
of Padang Maksirat Road, Ayer Hangat Road and along the way to go to the New
Mix-Development area. So when the pedestrian connected with the public
transport, it may reduce the use of private cars while make the environment
clean. It also encourage people to walk rather than sitting in the car. It
increase the quality of life in Kuah Town. The proposed of pedestrian pathway
is at:
-
The pedestrian can accommodate 2 people at one time and
have 2 lane to separate people who just enjoy walking and who area rushing. The
dimension of pedestrian pathway is:
Provide
zebra crossing connected to pedestrian
To make it easier for people to use,
the both side of the road need to have zebra crossing pathway to secure people
to crossing the road and connect both side of pedestrian. Pedestrian that were
created both side of Padang Maksirat Road and Ayer Hangat Road need to have
safety element for people to cross to other side. The location of zebra
crossing is at the suitable location at Kuah Town which is at Pocket Park,
Mix-use development, commercial area and residential area. It give benefit and
guarantee the users safety to cross and use the pedestrian pathway.
Pedestrian
Disable-Friendly
Usually pedestrian area is not disable
people friendly. It is the same situation happen at Kuah Town. Disable people
also want to use pedestrian walkway and public transport. To make it easier for
them to access pedestrian walkway, it need create disable people pathway which
is the way for people who with wheelchair. It need to have a path to go up at
the pedestrian pathway like:
SCHEMATIC PLAN
The schematic plan is a plan that
shows the project to be developed. There are 3 projects focused on, new
development, The Gurney at 11.37 hectare, and the regenerate project is a
9.88-hectare pocket park. Finally, the futuristic city bus project, covering
36.4 hectares. These three projects were developed based on the objective of
solving the problem in this area.
SCHEMATIC PLAN "THE GURNEY"
The proposal for new development project is “The
Gurney Mix Development and the Gurney Public & Adventure Park” There are
many elements and activities in the gurney park. The most important element of
interest in this park. First, the eagle’s eyes tower. The tower stands 48 feet
high and has a 360 'view that can see the entire area of the park with an
eagle-like design as iconic of Langkawi. The tower is located at the center of
the park also plays an important role as the focal point. Second, there are
provided many food truck that sell a wide variety of foods that meet the tastes
of all ages. The uniqueness of this food truck is, we need to use a smart card
to buy from a food truck, and the card must be obtained or added value in the
management office. Next, the adventure park has three adventure activities that
provide an exciting and challenging experience for visitors. The concept of
this park is zip Adventure Park. The important element is the gurney mix
development which has two categories namely the lower floor is the commercial
center and the upper one is residential. This development also complements the
needs of sustainable development principles. In conclusions, the concept of
this project is sustainable development. That applies to sustainable principles
such as the sustainable economy, sustainable social, and sustainable
environment.
SCHEMATIC PROJECT "POCKET PARK"
The proposal for the regenerate area
is the pocket park. The idea is to liven up the gloomy area near the shop
building and the sea area and the main road. There are several elements to be
included to realize this project proposal. That is, the boardwalk is positioned
near the sea to view the scenery. Apart from that, there are also walkways and
some other elements are also included in this area such as a gazebo, benches,
toilets, surau, and so on. With all these elements, this area will make it
attractive not only to the residents here but also to visitors and all ages.
Also, the importance of this project is to protect the environment in this
area.
SCHEMATIC PLAN "FUTURISTIC CITY BUS"
The proposed for redevelop area is in
Public transportation. The idea is to make new lane along with Padang Maksirat
Road and Ayer Hangat Road. There are 5 bus stop or pick up and drop off point
in this proposed area which is 1 at the Pocket Park, 2 at Commercial area, 3 at
the Attraction place, 4 at the main service building and last one is at the
main residential area. There are also pedestrian pathway that were connected
with the bus stop. It make people easy to access and can encourage people to
use public transport. Pedestrian pathway also located along with the bus lane
and have shaded tree along with them. It can protect user from the sunny day
and make environment more greens. It will make people use public transport
rather than using their own cars. Less private car use can make Kuah Town
environment more clean and get more fresh air.
DETAIL LAYOUT PLAN
PROJECT "THE GURNEY"
Calculation for plot ratio, plinth area and parking
·
MASTER PLAN
ILLUSTRATION BY PROJECT "THE GURNEY"
ILLUSTRATION BY PROJECT "POCKET PARK"
ILLUSTRATION BY PROJECT "FUTURISTIC CITY BUS"
VIDEO PRESENTATION
https://youtu.be/hid-JUDGhBk
REFERENCES
Anita Freimann et al., (2014). Measuring
Objective Well-Being and Sustainable Development Management. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/263558369
Grow Smart RI Land-Use Training Collaborative (2007). Rhode
Island Citizens’ Guide to Smart Growth Terms and Concepts. Retrieved From Http://Www.Growsmartri.Org/Wp Content/Uploads/2012/01/Smart-Growth-Terms-And-Concepts.Pdf
Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa, (2010) Manual
Garis Panduan dan Piawaian Perancangan Negeri Selangor edisi kedua. Retrived
from http://www.jpbdselangor.gov.my
Meghan
Brown (2018). Smart Farming—Automated and Connected Agriculture.
Retrieved from https://www.engineering.com/
DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ ArticleID/16653/Smart-FarmingAutomated-and-Connected-Agriculture.aspx
Mokhtar, S. (2011, February).Integrated
Fare Payment System In Multi Operators. Retrieved from http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36547/1/SafizahaninMokhtarMFABB2011.pdf
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